{"id":30844,"date":"2023-12-14T12:28:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T12:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/ciarove-kody-vsetko-co-by-ste-o-nich-mali-vediet-2023\/30844\/"},"modified":"2025-06-27T13:14:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T13:14:27","slug":"ciarove-kody-vsetko-co-by-ste-o-nich-mali-vediet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/blog\/30844\/ciarove-kody-vsetko-co-by-ste-o-nich-mali-vediet\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; v\u0161etko, \u010do by ste o nich mali vedie\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov na identifik\u00e1ciu v\u00fdrobkov na celom svete. Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov z roku <strong>2020 m\u00e1 viac ako 90 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy<\/strong>. V obchodoch a in\u00fdch maloobchodn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach s\u00fa \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na riadenie z\u00e1sob a platieb. \u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa kontrolu z\u00e1sob, sledovanie transakci\u00ed a u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa aj odha\u013eovanie fal\u0161ovan\u00fdch alebo neleg\u00e1lnych v\u00fdrobkov. \u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy sa preto vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v maloobchode, priemysle a logistike.    <\/p>\n<div class=\"post-summary\">\n<p><strong>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budeme zaobera\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#id1\">Hist\u00f3ria \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#id2\">Typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#id3\">Ako spr\u00e1vne naskenova\u0165 \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#id4\">Generovanie \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#id5\">\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d vs. krajina p\u00f4vodu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"id1\">Hist\u00f3ria \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d je grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zornenie \u010d\u00edsel, p\u00edsmen a \u0161peci\u00e1lnych znakov<\/strong> ur\u010den\u00e9 na automatizovan\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu a sledovanie v\u00fdrobkov, tovaru alebo slu\u017eieb na \u00fa\u010dely ich vyd\u00e1vania alebo predaja. Hist\u00f3ria \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, ktor\u00e9 sa dnes \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v celosvetovom meradle, siaha <strong>do konca 40. rokov 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/Czytniki%20POPRAWIONE\/kodqr%20na%20kartonie.webp\" title=\"QR k\u00f3d na krabici\" alt=\"QR k\u00f3d na krabici\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h3>Kedy bol vytvoren\u00fd prv\u00fd \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V roku 1948 sa Norman Woodland, doktorand na univerzite v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, rozhodol vytvori\u0165 syst\u00e9m na automatick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o produktoch<\/strong>. T\u00fato my\u0161lienku mu predlo\u017eil jeho kolega Bernard Silver, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel s konceptom. Prototyp dne\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du vytvoril Woodland a nazval ho &#8222;Bull&#8217;s Eye&#8220; (b\u00fd\u010die oko), ktor\u00e9 pripom\u00ednalo ter\u010d. Nane\u0161\u0165astie, Woodlandova my\u0161lienka bola na nasleduj\u00face roky odlo\u017een\u00e1, preto\u017ee neexistovalo zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 by bolo schopn\u00e9 vytvoren\u00fd k\u00f3d jednoducho pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165. Prototyp z roku 1952, ktor\u00fd vytvoril americk\u00fd vedec, sp\u00f4sobil po\u017eiar v jeho dome a takmer viedol k trag\u00e9dii. Napriek \u00fasiliu oboch vedcov sa im nepodarilo vyn\u00e1js\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do by sa podobalo dne\u0161nej \u010d\u00edta\u010dke \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov.     <\/p>\n<h3>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du<\/h3>\n<p><strong>A\u017e o nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r, v roku 1969, vyna\u0161iel David Collins \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zdroj svetla,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd umo\u017enil \u010d\u00edta\u0165 vyroben\u00e9 \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy. Laser, ako sa mu hovor\u00ed, bol dokonal\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm probl\u00e9mov, s ktor\u00fdmi sa Woodland a Silver stretli predt\u00fdm, a pou\u017e\u00edva sa dodnes. Experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd Collins vytvoril a nain\u0161taloval v tov\u00e1rni GM (General Motors) a v prepravnej spolo\u010dnosti, up\u00fatal pozornos\u0165 obchodn\u00fdch re\u0165azcov, ktor\u00e9 v roku 1970 zriadili \u0161peci\u00e1lny fond na v\u00fdvoj \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov.  <\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1tko nato spolo\u010dnos\u0165 IBM uviedla na trh jednoduch\u00e9 \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dodnes. Vznikol <strong>takzvan\u00fd<\/strong> \u0161tandard <strong>UPC (Universal Product Code), ktor\u00fd<\/strong> sa dodnes pou\u017e\u00edva v USA a zlep\u0161uje slu\u017eby z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom pri n\u00e1kupe tovaru v r\u00f4znych obchodoch. Prv\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkom predan\u00fdm po <a href=\"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/c\/citacky-a-skenery-ciarovych-kodov\/\">naskenovan\u00ed \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du<\/a> bolo balenie \u017euva\u010diek. <\/p>\n<p><strong>V roku 1977 bol v Eur\u00f3pe vytvoren\u00fd ekvivalent americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, zn\u00e1my ako norma EAN<\/strong>. O 21 rokov nesk\u00f4r sa rozhodlo o zl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed oboch noriem a vytvoren\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho glob\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu, \u010do viedlo k vytvoreniu v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu GS1. Po\u013esko sa k syst\u00e9mu EAN pripojilo po politick\u00fdch zmen\u00e1ch v roku <strong>1990<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<div class=\"know-how-container\">\n<h2>Vedeli ste, \u017ee&#8230;<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d bol <b>prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eit\u00fd v roku 1974<\/b><\/li>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 <b>8 a\u017e 15 \u010d\u00edslic<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d bol prv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval grafick\u00e9 symboly na ukladanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy obsahuj\u00fa statick\u00e9 aj dynamick\u00e9 \u00fadaje.<\/li>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d sa stal tak\u00fdm popul\u00e1rnym, \u017ee <b>v roku 1988 bol implementovan\u00fd do letov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov lietadiel.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edva vo viac ako 200 krajin\u00e1ch sveta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"id2\">Typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/h2>\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u00f4znych typov \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 pod\u013ea nasleduj\u00facich krit\u00e9ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<h3>Rozmernos\u0165 k\u00f3du<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Jednorozmern\u00e9 k\u00f3dy (1D) &#8211; inform\u00e1cie v k\u00f3de s\u00fa reprezentovan\u00e9 striedan\u00edm \u010diernych a bielych pruhov v jednom riadku, napr. k\u00f3dy EAN-13 alebo Code 128.<\/li>\n<li>Dvojrozmern\u00e9 maticov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 na \u0161pecifickom povrchu, zvy\u010dajne pomocou bielych a \u010diernych \u0161tvorcov alebo obd\u013a\u017enikov, napr. k\u00f3d QR alebo k\u00f3d DataMatrix\n    <\/li>\n<li>Dvojrozmern\u00e9 stohovan\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; roz\u0161\u00edrenie jednorozmern\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, ktor\u00e9 pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch riadkov k\u00f3du umiestnen\u00fdch pod sebou<\/li>\n<li>Komplexn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; ide o k\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa prvky jednorozmern\u00fdch aj dvojrozmern\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0160\u00edrka ty\u010de<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Jednotn\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrka \u010diarok &#8211; k\u00f3dy, v ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa v\u0161etky \u010diaro\u010dky rovnak\u00fa \u0161\u00edrku<\/li>\n<li>Dve \u0161\u00edrky st\u013apcov &#8211; k\u00f3dy, v ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa st\u013apce dve r\u00f4zne \u0161\u00edrky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Typ k\u00f3dovan\u00fdch symbolov<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010c\u00edseln\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; k\u00f3dy, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa zak\u00f3dovan\u00e9 iba \u010d\u00edslice v desiatkovej s\u00fastave<\/li>\n<li>Alfanumerick\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; roz\u0161\u00edrenie numerick\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, okrem \u010d\u00edslic k\u00f3duj\u00fa aj r\u00f4zne znaky a symboly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kontinuita k\u00f3du<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>s\u00favisl\u00e9 k\u00f3dy &#8211; medzi k\u00f3dovan\u00fdmi znakmi nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne medzery<\/li>\n<li>Diskr\u00e9tne k\u00f3dy &#8211; k\u00f3dy, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa medzi k\u00f3dovan\u00fdmi znakmi medzery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Po\u010det k\u00f3dovan\u00fdch znakov<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u00f3dy pevnej d\u013a\u017eky &#8211; k\u00f3dy, v ktor\u00fdch je po\u010det k\u00f3dovan\u00fdch znakov kon\u0161tantn\u00fd a nemenn\u00fd, napr. k\u00f3d EAN-8<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f3dy s premenlivou d\u013a\u017ekou &#8211; v t\u00fdchto k\u00f3doch sa po\u010det k\u00f3dovan\u00fdch znakov l\u00ed\u0161i a je r\u00f4zny pre r\u00f4zne k\u00f3dy, napr. k\u00f3d 39, k\u00f3d Interleaved 2 of 5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/Kody%20kreskowe\/rodzaje%20kod%C3%B3w%20kreskowych.webp\" title=\"Typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov\" alt=\"Typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"id3\">Ako spr\u00e1vne skenova\u0165 \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d?<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na \u010d\u00edtanie, dek\u00f3dovanie a prenos inform\u00e1ci\u00ed obsiahnut\u00fdch v \u010diarovom k\u00f3de do cie\u013eov\u00e9ho zariadenia. Tento proces sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje pomocou sveteln\u00e9ho l\u00fa\u010da vo <strong>forme laserovej di\u00f3dy alebo LED (Light Emitting Diode)<\/strong>. Svetlo je absorbovan\u00e9 \u010diernou farbou a odrazen\u00e9 od bieleho povrchu \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, \u010d\u00edm sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. <\/p>\n<p>Ak chcete spr\u00e1vne pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165, dek\u00f3dova\u0165 a prenies\u0165 inform\u00e1cie do po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, mus\u00edte pri jednorozmernom \u010diarovom k\u00f3de zarovna\u0165 \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d so sveteln\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom tak, aby pret\u00ednal v\u0161etky pruhy. V pr\u00edpade dvojrozmern\u00e9ho \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du by ste ho mali zarovna\u0165 tak, aby rozdelil grafick\u00fd symbol horizont\u00e1lne pribli\u017ene na polovicu. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/Jak%20poprawnie%20zeskanowa%C4%87%20kod\/skanowanie%20kod%C3%B3w%20kreskowych.webp\" title=\"Skenovanie \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du\" alt=\"Skenovanie \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zariaden\u00ed na sn\u00edmanie \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov dostupn\u00fdch na trhu pou\u017e\u00edva <strong>obojsmern\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie<\/strong>, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00fa <strong>jeden sn\u00edmac\u00ed riadok<\/strong>. To im umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010d\u00edta\u0165 invertovan\u00e9 \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, teda \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vzh\u013eadom na laserov\u00fd alebo LED l\u00fa\u010d oto\u010den\u00e9 hore nohami. <\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa aj <strong>viacsmerov\u00e9 skenery<\/strong> <strong>, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu \u010d\u00edta\u0165 \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy z viacer\u00fdch smerov a maj\u00fa viacero sn\u00edmac\u00edch l\u00edni\u00ed<\/strong>, od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch a\u017e po desiatky. To u\u013eah\u010duje \u010d\u00edtanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed obsiahnut\u00fdch v \u010diarovom k\u00f3de a ur\u00fdch\u013euje proces skenovania, preto\u017ee odpad\u00e1 potreba umiestni\u0165 \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d v ur\u010ditej orient\u00e1cii. Vo viacsmerov\u00fdch skeneroch sveteln\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d vytv\u00e1ra mrie\u017eku sn\u00edmac\u00edch \u010diar, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sn\u00edmanie \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. V\u010faka tomuto rie\u0161eniu mo\u017eno \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy skenova\u0165 nielen vodorovne a hore nohami, ale aj pod uhlom, ke\u010f pret\u00ednaj\u00fa jednu zo skenovac\u00edch \u010diar.   <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/hdwrglobal\/Generating%20Barecodes\/barcodeskanner.webp\" title=\"\u010c\u00edta\u010dka \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov\" alt=\"\u010c\u00edta\u010dka \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"id4\">Generovanie \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov &#8211; \u010do a ako?<\/h2>\n<p>V tejto \u010dasti \u010dl\u00e1nku sa dozvieme, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme generova\u0165 \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d a na ak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely ho m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Kde n\u00e1jdeme \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy?<\/h3>\n<p>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhoch v\u00fdrobkov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pred\u00e1van\u00fd tovar by mal ma\u0165 jedine\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d EAN (zvy\u010dajne EAN-13). \u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj v skladoch na overenie skladovac\u00edch miest a vysklad\u0148ovan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov, aj ke\u010f v\u00fdrobok nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 nevyhnutne pridelen\u00fd \u010diarov\u00fd k\u00f3d, k\u00fdm sa nepred\u00e1.  <\/p>\n<h3>Ako generova\u0165 \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy<\/h3>\n<p>Generovanie spr\u00e1vnych <a href=\"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/c\/citacky-a-skenery-ciarovych-kodov\/\">\u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/a> je d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou cel\u00e9ho procesu. Ak chceme, aby n\u00e1\u0161 k\u00f3d \u013eahko pre\u010d\u00edtal skener, mali by sme zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu \u0161trukt\u00faru k\u00f3du. Hne\u010f na za\u010diatku by sme sa mali rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, \u010di sa k\u00f3d bude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len pre na\u0161u vlastn\u00fa potrebu, alebo \u010di sa bude v\u00fdrobok pred\u00e1va\u0165. Ak chceme ozna\u010dova\u0165 v\u00fdrobky pre vlastn\u00fa potrebu, m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 bezplatn\u00e9 programy dostupn\u00e9 na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach. Ak je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrobok ur\u010den\u00fd na predaj, mus\u00edme sa obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na GS1 a zak\u00fapi\u0165 k\u00f3dy pre na\u0161e v\u00fdrobky.    <\/p>\n<h3>K\u00f3d bol vygenerovan\u00fd, \u010do \u010falej?<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f sme dostali alebo vygenerovali k\u00f3d, mus\u00edme zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 podmienky, za ktor\u00fdch sa bude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, aby sme mohli vybra\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky na tla\u010d tak\u00e9hoto k\u00f3du. K dispoz\u00edcii m\u00e1me dve met\u00f3dy tla\u010de: <strong>term\u00e1lnu a termotransferov\u00fa<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>Pre spr\u00e1vne \u010d\u00edtanie k\u00f3dov s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face podmienky, za ktor\u00fdch sa k\u00f3d pou\u017eije. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu tu zohr\u00e1va osvetlenie. Ak je osvetlenie pr\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9my. \u010c\u00edta\u010dka bude odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 laserov\u00e9 svetlo od etikety tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee k\u00f3d bude pre zariadenie nevidite\u013en\u00fd.   <\/p>\n<h3>K\u00f3d vytla\u010den\u00fd!<\/h3>\n<p>Nakoniec sa proces generovania k\u00f3du ukon\u010dil. Bol vytla\u010den\u00fd a aplikovan\u00fd na pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 miesto. Teraz sa m\u00f4\u017eeme te\u0161i\u0165 z pou\u017e\u00edvania tla\u010diarne aj sn\u00edma\u010dov \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa tieto k\u00f3dy \u010d\u00edta\u0165.  <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/hdwrglobal\/Generating%20Barecodes\/barcode-label-printer.webp\" title=\"Tla\u010diare\u0148\" alt=\"Tla\u010diare\u0148\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"id5\">\u010ciarov\u00fd k\u00f3d vs. krajina p\u00f4vodu<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy s\u00fa neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou nakupovania. Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, dokonca aj pri nakupovan\u00ed potrav\u00edn, sa na\u0161e v\u00fdrobky skenuj\u00fa. Mnoh\u00ed z n\u00e1s mo\u017eno \u010diarov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom nevenuj\u00fa pozornos\u0165, ale ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Dnes sa zameriame na prv\u00e9 tri \u010d\u00edslice \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du (prefix), ktor\u00e9 prezr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa krajinu p\u00f4vodu v\u00fdrobku.   <\/p>\n<p>Po pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed tejto \u010dasti pr\u00edspevku budete vedie\u0165, \u010di talianske cestoviny &#8222;penne&#8220;, ktor\u00e9 ste si k\u00fapili v supermarkete, boli skuto\u010dne vyroben\u00e9 v Taliansku, a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je objasni\u0165, \u017ee krajina uveden\u00e1 na \u010diarovom k\u00f3de nie je v\u017edy skuto\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcom v\u00fdrobku. \u010co to znamen\u00e1? V\u00fdrobok vyroben\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou so s\u00eddlom v ur\u010ditej krajine m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00fd aj predponou \u010diarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du tejto krajiny. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee podan\u00edm pr\u00edslu\u0161nej \u017eiadosti medzin\u00e1rodnej organiz\u00e1cii GS1 a zaplaten\u00edm poplatku m\u00f4\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 so s\u00eddlom v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00e1vo ozna\u010dova\u0165 svoje v\u00fdrobky \u010diarov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom z inej krajiny.    <\/p>\n<p><strong>Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee ide o jeden zo sp\u00f4sobov kontroly p\u00f4vodu v\u00fdrobku, ktor\u00fd je sk\u00f4r odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm ako presn\u00fdm \u00fadajom o mieste v\u00fdroby. Preto sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pristupova\u0165 k t\u00fdmto inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m s ur\u010ditou opatrnos\u0165ou. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.hdwrglobal.com\/resources\/BLOG\/Czytniki%20POPRAWIONE\/skanowanie-kodu.webp\" title=\"Skenovanie k\u00f3du\" alt=\"Skenovanie k\u00f3du\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<p>Typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do 10 kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich sa za\u010d\u00edna postupne \u010d\u00edslicou 0, 1, 2 at\u010f. Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00e1 tabu\u013eka, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 typy \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov a krajiny alebo \u0161pecifick\u00e9 skupiny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa im priraden\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 0<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 438px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.625px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; text-align: center; height: 22.625px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; text-align: center; height: 22.625px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">001 &#8211; 019<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">020 &#8211; 029<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Obmedzen\u00e1 distrib\u00facia\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">030 &#8211; 039<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Drogy Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">040 &#8211; 049<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Obmedzen\u00e1 distrib\u00facia\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">050 &#8211; 059<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Kup\u00f3ny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">060 &#8211; 099<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 322px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Stany Zjednoczone i<br \/>\n Kanada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 1<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 438px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30.4375px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 98px; text-align: center; height: 30.4375px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; text-align: center; height: 30.4375px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 98px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">100 &#8211; 139<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty (vyhraden\u00e9 pre bud\u00facnos\u0165<br \/>\n )<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 2<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 441px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30.2969px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; text-align: center; height: 30.2969px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 30.2969px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">200 &#8211; 299<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Obmedzen\u00e1 distrib\u00facia\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 3<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 442px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30.7344px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; text-align: center; height: 30.7344px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; text-align: center; height: 30.7344px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">30 &#8211; 37<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Franc\u00fazsko a Monako<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Bulharsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">383<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Slovinsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">385<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Chorv\u00e1tsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">387<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Bosna a Hercegovina\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">389<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 324px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u010cierna Hora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 4<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 448px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">400 &#8211; 440<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Nemecko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">45, 49<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Japonsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 48px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">460 &#8211; 469<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Rusko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">470<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Kirgizsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">471<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Taiwan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">474<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Est\u00f3nsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">475<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Loty\u0161sko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">476<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Azerbajd\u017ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">477<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Litva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">478<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Uzbekistan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">479<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Sr\u00ed Lanka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">480<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Filip\u00edny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">481<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Bielorusko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">482<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ukrajina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">484<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Moldavsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">485<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Arm\u00e9nsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">486<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Georgia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">487<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Kazachstan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">489<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 333px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Hongkong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 5<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 450px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">500 &#8211; 509<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">520<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Gr\u00e9cko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 48px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">528<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Libanon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">529<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Cyprus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">531<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Maced\u00f3nsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">535<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Malta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">539<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u00cdrsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">54<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Belgas a Luxembursko\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">560<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Portugalsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">569<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Island<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">57<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">D\u00e1nsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">590<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Po\u013esko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">594<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Rumunsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">599<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 335px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ma\u010farsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 6<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 449px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">600 &#8211; 601<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ju\u017en\u00e1 Afrika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">608<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Bahrajn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 48px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">609<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Maur\u00edcius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">611<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Maroko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">613<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Algieria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">616<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ke\u0148a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">619<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Tunisko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">621<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">S\u00fdria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">622<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Egypt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">624<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">L\u00edbya<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">625<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Jordan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">626<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ir\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">627<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Kuvajt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">628<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Saudsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">629<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Emirates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">64<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">F\u00ednsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">690 &#8211; 695<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u010c\u00edna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 7<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 449px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">70<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">N\u00f3rsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">729<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Izrael<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 48px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">73<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">\u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">740<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Guatemala<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">741<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Salvador<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">742<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Honduras<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">743<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Nikaragua<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">744<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Costarica<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">754<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Panama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">746<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Dominik\u00e1nska republika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Mexiko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">759<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Venezuela<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">76<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u0160vaj\u010diarsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">770<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Kolumbia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">773<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Uruguaj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">775<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Peru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">777<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Bol\u00edvia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">778 &#8211; 779<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Argent\u00edna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">780<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u010cile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">784<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Paraguaj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">789<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ekv\u00e1dor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 99px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">789 &#8211; 790<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Braz\u00edlia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 8<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 451px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">80 &#8211; 83<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Taliansko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">84<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">\u0160panielsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39.6875px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 39.6875px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">850<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 39.6875px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Kuba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">858<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Slovensko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">859<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">\u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Juhosl\u00e1via<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">867<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Severn\u00e1 K\u00f3rea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">868 &#8211; 869<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Turecko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">87<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Holandsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">880<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Ju\u017en\u00e1 K\u00f3rea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">885<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Thajsko<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">888<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Singapur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">890<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">India<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">893<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Vietnam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">899<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 334px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Indon\u00e9zia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy typu 9<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 296px; width: 454px; border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\"><strong>\u010c\u00edslice<\/strong>\n            <\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; text-align: center; height: 30px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n                <strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">90 &#8211; 91<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Rak\u00fasko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 39px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">93<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Austr\u00e1lia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 48px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">94<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 39px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\">Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">955<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Malajzia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">958<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">Macao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">977<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">ISSN (periodik\u00e1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">978<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">ISBN (knihy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">979<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">ISMN (hudobn\u00e9 vydavate\u013estvo)\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">980<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">potvrdenia o vr\u00e1ten\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">981 &#8211; 982<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">spolo\u010dn\u00e1 menov\u00e1 oblas\u0165<br \/>\n kup\u00f3ny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 101px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">990 &#8211; 999<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 337px; height: 21px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;\">kup\u00f3ny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sme sa zozn\u00e1mili s hist\u00f3riou \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, zistili sme, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich typy, pochopili sme ich pou\u017eitie a presk\u00famali sme, ako mo\u017eno \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy generova\u0165. Tieto poznatky n\u00e1s pribl\u00ed\u017eili k pochopeniu toho, kedy a ako tieto symboly \u010diarov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov, umiest\u0148ovan\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobky, vznikli, ako aj k tomu, ako ur\u010di\u0165 krajinu p\u00f4vodu v\u00fdrobkov, s ktor\u00fdmi sa denne stret\u00e1vame a ktor\u00e9 vklad\u00e1me do n\u00e1kupn\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edkov. <\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nok poukazuje na k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu, ktor\u00fa \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v ka\u017edom podniku, a na to, ako pom\u00e1haj\u00fa spravova\u0165 r\u00f4zne druhy tovaru, najm\u00e4 jeho z\u00e1soby a klasifik\u00e1ciu, a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa transparentnos\u0165 \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov na identifik\u00e1ciu v\u00fdrobkov na celom svete. Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov z roku 2020 m\u00e1 viac ako 90 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy. V obchodoch a in\u00fdch maloobchodn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach s\u00fa \u010diarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na riadenie z\u00e1sob a platieb. \u010ciarov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa kontrolu z\u00e1sob, sledovanie transakci\u00ed a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-citacky-ciarovych-kodov"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30844"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30844\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hdwrglobal.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}